Students: The muscles are in the order we will study them (by region from deep to superficial), with one exception. We will save the abdominals and some of the pelvic girdle muscles until the very last. That way you won't have to carry the whole  Maniken^TM around. The O-I-A's are from Atlas of Skeletal Muscles by Robert and Judith Stone, Wm. C. Brown, Publishers. I used these in constructing my Maniken^TM; however you may want to use these for construction, but learn the more generalized O-I-A's on-line for future reference.
 
 

Neck	Mastication	Facial Expression	Trunk	Shoulder Joint	Shoulder Girdle
Arm	Forearm & Hand	Pelvic Girdle	Hip Joint	Thigh	Leg and Foot

MUSCLES OF THE NECK - SUPPORT AND MOVEMENT OF THE HEAD

MUSCLE	Origin	Insertion	Action
Rectus capitis posterior major minor	Spinous process of axis Posterior arch of atlas	Lateral portion of inferior nuchal line of occiput Medial portion inferior nuchal line of occiput	Extend/rotate head  Extend head
Obliquus capitis inferior superior	Spinous process of axis  Transverse process of atlaas	Transverse process of atlas  Between superior & inferior nuchal lines	Rotate atlas  Extend head & laterally flex
Scalenes anterior medius posterior	Transverse process C3-C4 Transverse preocess C2-C7 Transverse process C5-C7	Inner border Rib 1 Upper surface Rib 1 Outer surface Rib 2	Elevate rib; flex/rotate neck Elevate rib; flex rotate neck Raaise rib; felx/rotate neck
Semispinalis capitis medial part of semispinalis	Transverse processes of C4-7 and          T1-6	Between superior and inferior nuchal lines        of occipital bone	Extend and rotate head
Splenius capitis	Spinous process C7-T4	Mastoid process & lateral part superior     nuchal line	Extend and rotate head
Levator scapula	Posterior tubercles of transverse    processes C1-C4	Vertebral border of scapula above the spine of the scapula	Elevate medial scapula border   and thus lowers the lateral     angle
Trapezius   Section 1	Medial 1/3 superior nuchal line and occiput protruberence. Ligamentun nuchae & C7 to T12	Lateral 1/3 clavicle, medial margin acromium, enitre spine of scapula	Elevate scapula
Sternocleidomastoid (SCM)	Sternal head - manubrium Clavicular head - medial part of clavicle	Mastoid process, lateral 1/2 superior     nuchal line of occiput	Neck flexion & rotation

MUSCLES OF THE ORAL CAVITY AND MASTICATION

Muscle	Origin	Insertion	Action
Masseter	Zygomatic process of maxilla; medial and inferior surface of zygomatic arch	Angle and ramus of mandible	Close lower jaw;   Clench teeth
Temporalis	Temporal fossa	Coronoid process and anterior border of ramus of mandible	Close lower jaw;  Clench teeth
Digastricus	Posterior belly -Mastoid notch  Anterior belly -Inner side of inferior border of mandible near symphsis	Intermediate tendon on hyoid bone	Open jaws
Orbicularis oris	Alveolar border of maxilla Septum of nose Lateral to midline of mandible	Continuous with other muscles at angle of mouth	Closure and protrusion of lips
Buccinator	Outer surface of alveolar processes of mandible and maxilla	Deep part of muscles of lips	Compresses cheek

MUSCLES OF FACIAL EXPRESSION

Muscle	Origin	Insertion	Action
Zygomaticus major	Zygomatic bone	Angle of mouth	Draw angle of mouth upward (Smile)
Risorius	Fascia over masseter	Skin at angle of mouth	Retract angle of mouth (grinning)
Orbicularis occuli   orbital part	Frontal bone, maxilla	Around orbit and return to origin	Close eye
Epicraneous   Frontalis   Occipitalis	Galea aponeurotica Lateral 2/3 of superior nuchal line of occipital bone & mastoid process	Fascia of facial muscles above eye Galea aponeurotica	Draw back scalp, wrinkle forhead, raise eyebrows
Mentalis	Incisive fossa of mandible	Skin of chin	Raise/protrude lower lip
Platysma	Subcutaneous fascia of upper 1/4 of chest	Subcutaneous fascia of chin & mandible	Depress & draw lower lip laterally (fright look)

MUSCLES OF THE TRUNK

Muscle	Origin	Insertion	Action
Erector Spinae Group   Spinalis Thoracis	Spinous process T11-12 & L1-2	Spinous processes of upper thoracic vertebrae	Extend vertebral column
Erector Spinae Group   Longissimus Thoracis	Sacral crest; spinous process of L1-5 & T11-12	Transverse processes of all thoracic vertebrae	Extension & lateral flexion of vertebral column. Rotate ribs for forceful expiration
Erector Spinae Group  Iliocostales  Lumborum  Iliocostales Thoraccis	* Medial sacral and ilac crests * Angles of lower 6 ribs	* Angles of lower 6 ribs * Angles of upper 6 ribs	Extension & lateral flexion of vertebral column. Rotate ribs for forceful expiration
Intercostales Interni	Cartilage to angles of ribs	Superior border of rib below	Draw ventral portion of ribs down
Intercostales Externi	Lower margin of upper 11 ribs	Superior border of rib below	Draw ventral part of ribs upward
Diaphragm	Inner part of xyphoid process; inner surface lower six ribs; L1-3 & lumbocostal arches	Central tendon	Draw central tendon downward, incrasing volume of thoracic cavity.
Obliquus Internus Abdominis	Lateral half inguinal ligament; iliac crest; thoracolumbar fascia	Cartilage of bottom 3-4 ribs; abdominal aponeurosis to linea alba	Compress abdomen; laterally flex & rotate vertebral column
Obliquus Externus Abdominus	Lower 8 ribs	Anterior part of iliac crest; abdominal aponeurosis to linea alba	Compress abdomen; laterally flex & rotate vertebral column
Transverse Abdominus	Lateral half inguinal ligament; iliac crest; thoracolumbar fascia; cartialge of lower 6 ribs	abdominal aponeurosis to linea alba	Compress abdomen
Rectus Abdominus	Crest of pubis; pubic symphysis	Cartilage of ribs 5,6, & 7; xyphoid process	Flex vertebral column; compress abdomen

MUSCLES OF THE SHOULDER JOINT

Muscle	Origin	Insertion	Action
Subscapularis      => (Rotator Cuff)	Subscapular fossa - anterior	Lessor tubercle	Medially rotate humerous; stabilzes shoulder joint.
Supraspinatus        => (Rotator Cuff)   Lateral View   Posterior View	Supraspinous fossa of scapula	Greater tubercle of humerus - superior part	Aids in abduction; weak lateral rotator; stabilzes shoulder joint.
Infraspinatus      =>   (Rotator Cuff)	Infraspinous fossa of scapula	Middle facet of greater tubercle	Lateral rotation of humerus; assist in adduction and abduction;stabilzes shoulder joint.
Teres Minor     =>  (Rotator Cuff)	Upper 2/3 dorsal surface of  axillary border of scapula	Lower facet of greater tubercle	Lateral rotates humerus; stabilzes shoulder joint.
Teres major   Posterior View   Anterior View	Lower 1/3 posterior surface of lateral border of scapula near inferior angle.	Medial lip of bicipital groove	Medially rotate arm; adduct and extend arm.
Coracobrachialis    with biceps brachii	Apex of coracoid process	Middle third of the medial surface and border of the humerus	Flexes arm; adducts arm
Biceps brachii   with coracobrachialis	Long head-supraglenoid tubercle Short head-coracoid process	Radial tuberosity; deep fascia on medial part of arm	Supinate hand; flexes forearm, weeek shoulder flexor
Deltoideus   anterior view   posterior view	Ant-lateral 1/3 clavicle Med-lateral border acromium process Post-spine of scapula	Deltoid tuberosity	Abduct arm (mid); flex & medially rotate are (ant); extend & lateralaly rotate arm (post)

MUSCLES OF THE SHOULDER GIRDLE (includes Levator Scapulae)

Muscle	Origin	Insertion	Action
Rhomboideus Major	Spines of T2-T5; supraspinous ligament	Medial border of scapula below spine	Retract & rotate scapula; assist in arm adduction
Rhomboideus Minor	Spine of C7 & T1	Medial border of scapula at root of spine	retract and elevate medial border of scapula (assist in arm adduction)
Serratus Anterior	Outer surface and superior border of first 8 ribs	Anterior surface of medial border of scapula	Rotate and protract scapula
Pectoralis Minor	External surface of 3, 4 & 5 ribs	Coracoid process of scapula	Draw scapula down and foward
Pectoralis Major	Medial 1/2 clavicle, sternum, 1st six costal cartilages	Lateral lip of bicipital groove	Adduct & flex arm; medially rotate arm; depress arm & shoulder
Trapezius	Medial 1/3 superior nuchal line and occiput protruberence. Ligamentun nuchae & C7 to T12	Lateral 1/3 clavicle, medial margin acromium, enitre spine of scapula	Elevate scapula

MUSCLES OF ARM
 

Latissimus Dorsi   posterior view (origin)   anterior view (insertion)	Spinous process T7-T12, lumbar & sacral vertebrae; lower iliac crest	Bottom of bicipital groove	Extend, adduct and medially rotate arm; (keeps scapula inferior border against chest wall)
Brachialis	Anterior lower 1/2 of humerus	Coronoid process and tuberosity of ulna	Flexes forearm
Brachioradialais	Upper 2/3 lateral supracondyle ridge of humerus	Base of styloid process of radius	Flexes forearm at elbow joint
Triceps Brachii	* Long head: infraglenoid tubercle of scapula.  * lateral head: upper half posterior humerus  * medial head: lies   deep on lower half posterior humerus	Posterior part of upper surface of olecranon process of ulna	Extends elbow. Long head stabilizes shoulder joint.

MUSCLES OF THE FOREARM AND HAND

Flexor carpi radialis	Common tendon on medial epicondyle of humerus	Base of 2nd & 3rd metacarpals	Flex hand; abduct hand at wrist joint
Flexor carpi ulnaris	Common tendon on medial epicondyle of humerus	Base of 5th metacarpal	Flex & adduct hand at wrist joint
Flexor digitorum superficialis	Common tendon on medial epicondyle of humerus & coronoid process of ulna	Middle phalanges of four fingers	Flex middle phalanges
Palmaris longus	Common tendon on medial epicondyle of humerus	Apex of palmar aponeurosis	Flex hand
Extensor carpi radialis longus	Lower 1/3 of lateral supracondylar ridge of humerus	Posterior base 2nd metacarpal	Extend and abduct hand at wrist joint
Extensor carpi ulnaris	Common tendon attached to lateral epicondyle of humerus	Posterior base of 5th metacarpal	Extend and adduct hanbd at the wrist joint
Extensor digitorum	Common tendon attached to lateral epicondyle of humerus	Dorsal surface of four fingers	Extend fingers and wrist

MUSCLES OF THE PELVIC GIRDLE

Muscle	Origin	Insertion	Action
Psoas major	Bodies and transverse processes of all lumbar vetebrae	Lesser trochanter of femur	Flex thigh at hip
Iliacus	Upper 2/3 of iliac fossa	Onto tendon of psoas major	Flex thigh at hip
Piriformis   anterior view   posterior	Anterior surface of sacrum	upper border of greataer trochanter	Laterally rotates & abducts thigh

MUSCLES OF THE HIP JOINT

Muscle	Origin	Insertion	Action
Gluteus   Maximus   Medius   Minimus	* Posterior ilium & surface of sacrum and coccyx * Outer surface of ilium inferior to iliac crest * Outer surface of ilium between middle and inferior gluteal          lines	* Iliotibial tract & gluteal tuberosity of femur * Lateral Abduct femur & medial rotation * Anterior surface of greater trochanter	* Extend & laterally rotate hip joint * Abduct femur & medial rotation * Abduct femur & medial rotation
Tensor Fascia Latae	Outer edge of iliac crest	Iliotibial tract on upper part of thigh	Flex and medially rotate thigh
Sartorius	Anterior superior iliac spine	Upper part medial surface of tibia	Flex, abduct, laterally rotate thigh
Adductor  Group   Brevis   Longus   Magnus	Body and inferior ramus of pubis	Linea aspera of femur	Abduct and laterally rotate femur

MUSCLES OF THE THIGH

Muscle	Origin	Insertion	Action
Rectus femoris  (Quadriceps)	Anterior head: inferior iliac spine Posterior head: ilium above acetabulum	By patellar ligament to tibial tuberosity	Extend knee, flex hip
Vastus lateralis  (Quadriceps)	Intertrochanteric line; lateral lip of line aspera	By patellar ligament to tibial tuberosity	Extend knee
Vastus medialis (Quadriceps)	Intertrochanteric line; medial lip of line aspera	By patellar ligament to tibial tuberosity	Extend knee
Vastus intermedius  (Quadriceps)	Anterior and lateral surface of upper 2/3 of femur	By patellar ligament to tibial tuberosity	Extend knee
Biceps femoris (Hamstring group)	Long head: ischial tuberosity Short head: linea aspera & supracondylar ridge	Lateral side head of fibula and lateral condyle of tibia	Flex knee & extend hip
Semitendinosis (Hamstring group)	Ischial tuberosity	Medial surface of shaft of tibia	Flex and slightly medially rotate leg at knee; extend hip
Semimembranosus (Hamstring group)	Ischial tubersotiy	Posterior medial condyle of tibia	Flex and slightly medially rotate leg at knee; extend hip
Gracilis	Lower margin of pubis	Upper part of medial tibia	Adduct thigh; flex knee

MUSCLES OF THE LEG AND FOOT

Muscle	Origin	Insertion	Action
Tibialis Anterior	Lateral condyle and upper 1/2 lateral surface of tibia	medial side and plantar surface of 1st cuneiform bone	Dorsiflex and invert (supinate) foot
Tibialis posterior	Lateral part of posterior surface of tibia; proximal half of posterior surface of fibula	Tuberosity of navicular bone; 2nd, 3rd, & 4th metatarsals	Plantar flex;  inverts foot
Peroneus longus	Upper 2/3 of lateral surface of lateral surface of fibula	Lateral side of medial cuneiform; base of 1st metatarsal	Plantar flex; everts foot
Extensor digitorum longus	Upper 2/3 of anterior surface of fibula; lateral condyle of tibia	Base of middle and distal phalanges	Extend toes; dorsiflex foot
Flexor digitorum longus	Medial part of posterior surface of tibia	Bases of distal phalanges of 2,3,4,& 5 toes	Flex toes and assist plantar flexion; inverts foot
Soleus	Posterior surface of tibia	Posterior surface of calcaneus
Gastrocnemius	Lateral head: lateral condyle of femur Medial head: popliteal surface aboce medial condyle	Posterior surface of calcaneus	Plantar flex foot; flex knee